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Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 389-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0362-y

摘要：

Studies conducted by our group on the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reviewed in this paper. Conclusions can be summarized as follows. (1) Neuroendocrine-immune network (NIN)-osteoclast regulatory pathway OPG-RANKL-RANK is one of the mechanisms of “kidney governing bones.” Although kidney-reinforcing therapy is regarded as one of the holistic regulatory mechanisms of the body, characteristic holistic regulation in TCM can be reflected through nonselective regulation of the NIN during kidney reinforcement therapy, which can be used to treat osteoporosis through microadjustments in the microenvironment of the bone marrow. (2) Marrow exhaustion in TCM, which is the state wherein lipocytes in the bone marrow increase whereas other cells decrease, serves as the pathogenesis of osteoporosis brought about by failure of the “kidney governing bones.” (3) The kidney in TCM can be regarded as a complex system comprising multiple functional units in the body, including the unit “governing bones.” Kidney deficiency refers to a deficiency in only one or more units of the kidney system and not the whole system itself, which explains the kidney-reinforcing effect of many herbs; some herbs can treat osteoporosis, but some cannot. Although both classified as kidney-reinforcing agents, the former can resolve failure of the “kidney governing bones” unit while the latter regulates the failure of other units in the kidney system. Despite the current understanding on “kidney governing bones” theory, the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” remains complicated and unresolved. Thus, further studies in this area are warranted.

关键词： kidney governing bones     kidney deficiency     marrow     osteoporosis     neuroendocrine-immune network     osteoclast regulatory pathway    

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Regulatory factors of mesenchymal stem cell migration into injured tissues and their signal transduction

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 33-39 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0114-1

摘要：

Adult stem cells hold great promise for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), for example, have been shown to play a role in tissue repair. Research has shown that endogenous bone marrow MSCs or exogenously delivered MSCs migrate to the sites of injury and participate in the repair process. The precise mechanisms underlying migration of MSCs into the injured tissue are still not fully understood, although multiple signaling pathways and molecules were reported, including both chemoattractive factors and endogenous electric fields at wounds. This review will briefly summarize the regulatory facors and signaling transduction pathways involved in migration of MSCs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the migration of MSCs will help us to develop new stem cell-based therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells     migration     molecular mechanisms     signaling pathway    

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MicroRNAs and their roles in osteoclast differentiation

Zhuying Xia, Chao Chen, Peng Chen, Hui Xie, Xianghang Luo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 414-419 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0168-0

摘要： Osteoclasts, which are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursors, are exclusive bone resorption cells. Limited evidence indicates that a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs known as “microRNAs” (miRNAs) is also involved in bone resorption. Although various miRNAs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, few miRNAs have been reported to play a key role in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. In this short review, the biology and functional mechanisms of miRNAs in osteoclastogenesis are summarized. The profiling, function, and target prediction of miRNAs are discussed as well.

关键词： miRNA     osteoclast differentiation     antagomirs    

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The regulatory sciences for stem cell-based medicinal products

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 190-200 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0323-5

摘要：

Over the past few years, several new achievements have been made from stem cell studies, many of which have moved up from preclinical stages to early, or from early to middle or late, stages thanks to relatively safe profile and preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Moreover, some stem cell-based products have been approved for marketing by different national regulatory authorities. However, many critical issues associated mainly with incomplete understanding of stem cell biology and the relevant risk factors, and lack of effective regulations still exist and need to be urgently addressed, especially in countries where establishment of appropriate regulatory system just commenced. More relevantly, the stem cell regulatory sciences need to be established or improved to more effectively evaluate quality, safety and efficacy of stem cell products, and for building up the appropriate regulatory framework. In this review, we summarize some new achievements in stem cell studies, especially the preclinical and clinical studies, the existing regulations, and the associated challenges, and we then propose some considerations for improving stem cell regulatory sciences with a goal of promoting the steadfast growth of the well-regulated stem cell therapies abreast of evolvement of stem cell sciences and technologies.

关键词： stem cell-based medicinal products (SCMPs)     stem cell therapy (SCT)     safety     effectiveness     standards     guidelines     regulatory science    

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Low-temperature caproate production, microbial diversity, and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1637-9

摘要：

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified.

关键词： Xylose fermentation     Caproate     Low temperature     Bifidobacterium     FAB pathway     RBO pathway    

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Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives

Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1402-x

摘要： Abstract • Copyrights on electronic products are impediments in promoting circular economy. • Manufacturers antagonize refurbishment and remanufacturing to maximize profit. • International harmonization of copyright laws will aid repair and remanufacture. • Blockchain–digital immutable ledgers–can promote trust among stakeholders. The concept of zero waste is an ideal situation that will require different solutions for different categories of waste. Electronic waste (E-waste), the fastest growing category of solid hazardous waste presents various unique challenges. Electronic product repair, reuse and remanufacture (3re) are crucial for effective source reduction of E-waste and the integration of the electronics industry into a circular or zero-waste economy framework. Increasingly, 3re implementation is restricted by regulatory difficulties, particularly the invocation of copyright laws. Here, we use the examples of electronic printer cartridges and restored compact discs (CDs) to identify the challenges and to explore solutions for managing the risks associated with E-waste through circular economy and the opportunities presented by innovative Blockchain solutions. A set of international consensuses on judicial definitions, such as 3re, refurbish fake/counterfeit product and copyright exhaustion, are proposed to accelerate source reduction in E-waste management toward the goal of zero waste.

关键词： Blockchain     E-waste     Regulatory Policy     Copyright Laws     Repair-Reuse-Remanufacture     Toxicity    

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Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review

Xiaomao WANG,Yuqin MAO,Shun TANG,Hongwei YANG,Yuefeng F. XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 3-15 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0734-1

摘要： Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are regulated in drinking water in a number of countries. This critical review focuses on the issues associated with DBP regulatory compliance, including methods for DBP analysis, occurrence levels, the regulation comparison among various countries, DBP compliance strategies, and emerging DBPs. The regulation comparison between China and the United States (US) indicated that the DBP regulations in China are more stringent based on the number of regulated compounds and maximum levels. The comparison assessment using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database indicated that the compliance rate of 500 large US water plants under the China regulations is much lower than that under the US regulations (e.g. 62.2% versus 89.6% for total trihalomethanes). Precursor removal and alternative disinfectants are common practices for DBP regulatory compliance. DBP removal after formation, including air stripping for trihalomethane removal and biodegradation for haloacetic acid removal, have gained more acceptance in DBP control. Formation of emerging DBPs, including iodinated DBPs and nitrogenous DBPs, is one of unintended consequences of precursor removal and alternative disinfection. At much lower levels than carbonaceous DBPs, however, emerging DBPs have posed higher health risks.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts (DBPs)     drinking water standards     regulatory compliance     alternative disinfection     information collection rule (ICR)     emerging DBPs    

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Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 432-457 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1002-1

摘要： The liver has a complex cellular composition and a remarkable regenerative capacity. The primary cell types in the liver are two parenchymal cell populations, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, that perform most of the functions of the liver and that are helped through interactions with non-parenchymal cell types comprising stellate cells, endothelia and various hemopoietic cell populations. The regulation of the cells in the liver is mediated by an insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates, the extracellular matrix, working synergistically with soluble paracrine and systemic signals. In recent years, with the rapid development of genetic sequencing technologies, research on the liver’s cellular composition and its regulatory mechanisms during various conditions has been extensively explored. Meanwhile breakthroughs in strategies for cell transplantation are enabling a future in which there can be a rescue of patients with end-stage liver diseases, offering potential solutions to the chronic shortage of livers and alternatives to liver transplantation. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of liver homeostasis and how to select ideal sources of cells to be transplanted to achieve liver regeneration and repair. Recent advances are summarized for promoting the treatment of end-stage liver diseases by forms of cell transplantation that now include grafting strategies.

关键词： liver regeneration     hepatocytes     cholangiocytes     stem cells     organoids     regulatory mechanisms     transplantation/grafting strategies    

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FERM domain-containing protein FRMD6 activates the mTOR signaling pathway and promotes lung cancer progression

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 714-728 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0959-5

摘要： FRMD6, a member of the 4.1 ezrin–radixin–moesin domain-containing protein family, has been reported to inhibit tumor progression in multiple cancers. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of FRMD6 in lung cancer progression. We find that FRMD6 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues relative to in normal lung tissues. In addition, the enhanced expression of FRMD6 is associated with poor outcomes in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 75, P = 0.0054) and lung adenocarcinoma (n = 94, P = 0.0330). Cell migration and proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo are promoted by FRMD6 but are suppressed by the depletion of FRMD6. Mechanistically, FRMD6 interacts and colocalizes with mTOR and S6K, which are the key molecules of the mTOR signaling pathway. FRMD6 markedly enhances the interaction between mTOR and S6K, subsequently increasing the levels of endogenous pS6K and downstream pS6 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, knocking out FRMD6 inhibits the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in Frmd6−/− gene KO MEFs and mice. Altogether, our results show that FRMD6 contributes to lung cancer progression by activating the mTOR signaling pathway.

关键词： FRMD6     lung cancer     mTOR pathway    

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Exploring the methodology and application of clinical pathway in evidence-based Chinese medicine

Sicheng Wang, He Yu, Jianping Liu, Baoyan Liu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 157-162 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0128-8

摘要： At present, clinical pathway has become one of the most important health care reform measures in many countries. In this study, the authors introduced basic concepts and explored the application of the clinical pathway of evidence-based Chinese medicine incorporated with the methodology from the concepts of management, evidence-based medicine, operational research and health economics. Such concepts provide examples and experiences, on which the application of clinical pathway in Chinese medicine practice in China can be based.

关键词： evidence-based medicine     clinical pathway     methodology     concept     technical difficulty    

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Endogenous tissue factor pathway inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits arterial thrombosis

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 403-409 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0522-y

摘要：

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the main inhibitor of tissue factor-mediated coagulation. TFPI is expressed by endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vasculature. Endothelium-derived TFPI has been reported to play a regulatory role in arterial thrombosis. However, the role of endogenous TFPI in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in thrombosis and vascular disease development has yet to be elucidated. In this TFPIFlox mice crossbred with Sma–Cre mice were utilized to establish TFPI conditional knockout mice and to examine the effects of VSMC-directed TFPI deletion on development, hemostasis, and thrombosis. The mice with deleted TFPI in VSMCs (TFPISma) reproduced viable offspring. Plasma TFPI concentration was reduced 7.2% in the TFPISma mice compared with TFPIFlox littermate controls. Plasma TFPI concentration was also detected in the TFPITie2 (mice deleted TFPI in endothelial cells and cells of hematopoietic origin) mice. Plasma TFPI concentration of the TFPITie2 mice was 80.4% lower (P<0.001) than that of the TFPIFlox mice. No difference in hemostatic measures (PT, APTT, and tail bleeding) was observed between TFPISma and TFPIFlox mice. However, TFPISma mice had increased ferric chloride–induced arterial thrombosis compared with TFPIFlox littermate controls. Taken together, these data indicated that endogenous TFPI from VSMCs inhibited ferric chloride–induced arterial thrombosis without causing hemostatic effects.

关键词： arterial thrombosis     conditional knockout mice     tissue factor pathway inhibitor     vascular smooth muscle cells    

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Apigenin alleviates neomycin-induced oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in cochlear hair

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 637-650 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0864-3

摘要： Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss and represents a promising target for treatment. We tested the potential effect of apigenin, a natural flavonoid with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, on neomycin-induced ototoxicity in cochlear hair cells in vitro. Results showed that apigenin significantly ameliorated the loss of hair cells and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species upon neomycin injury. Further evidence suggested that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway was activated by apigenin treatment. Disruption of the Nrf2 axis abolished the effects of apigenin on the alleviation of oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis of hair cells. This study provided evidence of the protective effect of apigenin on cochlear hair cells and its underlying mechanism.

关键词： apigenin     aminoglycosides     ototoxicity     oxidative stress     Nrf2 signaling pathway    

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Biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 285-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0350-2

摘要：

Catharanthus roseus is one of the most extensively investigated medicinal plants, which can produce more than 130 alkaloids, including the powerful antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine. Here we review the recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, and the identification and characterization of the corresponding enzymes involved in this pathway. Strictosidine is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of different TIAs, which is formed by the condensation of secologanin and tryptamine. Secologanin is derived from terpenoid (isoprenoid) biosynthetic pathway, while tryptamine is derived from indole biosynthetic pathway. Then various specific end products are produced by different routes during downstream process. Although many genes and corresponding enzymes have been characterized in this pathway, our knowledge on the whole TIA biosynthetic pathway still remains largely unknown up to date. Full elucidation of TIA biosynthetic pathway is an important prerequisite to understand the regulation of the TIA biosynthesis in the medicinal plant and to produce valuable TIAs by synthetic biological technology.

关键词： Catharanthus roseus     terpenoidindole alkaloids     biosynthetic pathway     vinblastine     vincristine    

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METABOLIC AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS METABOLITE VARIATION AND FLAVONOID REGULATORY NETWORKS IN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要：

Metabolites, especially secondary metabolites, are very important in the adaption of tea plants and the quality of tea products. Here, we focus on the seasonal variation in metabolites of fresh tea shoots and their regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level. The metabolic profiles of fresh tea shoots of 10 tea accessions collected in spring, summer, and autumn were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-obitrap mass spectrometry. We focused on the metabolites and key genes in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway integrated with transcriptome analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that metabolites were distinctly different with seasonal alternation. Flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids and alkaloids were the predominant metabolites. Levels of most key genes and downstream compounds in the flavonoid pathway were lowest in spring but the catechin quality index was highest in spring. The regulatory pathway was explored by constructing a metabolite correlation network and a weighted gene co-expression network.

 

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Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 68-78 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0308-4

摘要：

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth anomalies having a profound physical, emotional, and financial effects on families and communities. Their etiology is complex, involving environmental and genetic factors that interact to modulate the incidence and severity of the developing phenotype. The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls the process of convergent extension (CE) during gastrulation and neural tube closure and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in animal models and human cohorts. This review summarizes the cumulative results of recent studies on PCP signaling pathway and human NTDs. These results demonstrate that PCP gene alterations contribute to the etiology of human NTDs.

关键词： planar cell polarity     neural tube defects     rare mutations    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine

null

期刊论文

Regulatory factors of mesenchymal stem cell migration into injured tissues and their signal transduction

null

期刊论文

MicroRNAs and their roles in osteoclast differentiation

Zhuying Xia, Chao Chen, Peng Chen, Hui Xie, Xianghang Luo

期刊论文

The regulatory sciences for stem cell-based medicinal products

null

期刊论文

Low-temperature caproate production, microbial diversity, and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

期刊论文

Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives

Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan

期刊论文

Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review

Xiaomao WANG,Yuqin MAO,Shun TANG,Hongwei YANG,Yuefeng F. XIE

期刊论文

Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies

期刊论文

FERM domain-containing protein FRMD6 activates the mTOR signaling pathway and promotes lung cancer progression

期刊论文

Exploring the methodology and application of clinical pathway in evidence-based Chinese medicine

Sicheng Wang, He Yu, Jianping Liu, Baoyan Liu

期刊论文

Endogenous tissue factor pathway inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits arterial thrombosis

null

期刊论文

Apigenin alleviates neomycin-induced oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in cochlear hair

期刊论文

Biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus

null

期刊论文

METABOLIC AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS METABOLITE VARIATION AND FLAVONOID REGULATORY NETWORKS IN

期刊论文

Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects

null

期刊论文